{ "type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [ { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[-3.9962,17.5707] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Bamana Ci Wara-Style Antelope Headdress", "preferred_term": "Ci Wara-style headdress", "legacy_title": "Ci Wara Headdress", "Date": "late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This Bamana-style Ci Wara headdress presents an abstracted antelope with sweeping horns, an arched openwork body, and a refined linear silhouette. Associated with Bamana agricultural masquerades in Mali, Ci Wara headdresses honor cultivation, discipline, and the mythic being credited with teaching farming. This example entered the Jackson State University collection through the 1949 donation of Lawrence Jones, inaugural chair of the Department of Art.", "Geographic location": "Mali, Bamana region", "Source": "JSU Permanent Collection", "Identifier": "LJ-1949-01", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "Transcript": "Bamana Ci Wara Headdress. Mali. Carved wood. Late 19th to early 20th century.", "culture_community": "Bamana-style, attribution probable", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Bamana peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Mali, Bamana region, probable", "place_of_use": "Mali, Bamana region, probable", "materials": "Carved wood, possible pigment or surface patina", "technique": "Carved, openwork, incised, patinated", "object_type": "Ceremonial headdress / masquerade object / Ci Wara-style crest", "function_use": "By comparison, associated with agricultural masquerade and Ci Wara performance traditions; exact use not documented", "acquisition_context": "Collected for educational, research, and exhibition purposes within the Department of Art at Jackson State University.", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate to high: visual form and existing metadata support Bamana Ci Wara identification; exact workshop, pair, and performance history are undocumented.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: keep performance details general unless provenance confirms the object’s local context.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll001" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Teke Power Figure (Buti/Biteki Type)", "preferred_term": "Teke buti/biteki-style power figure", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 2", "Date": "late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This Teke-style power figure is carved from wood and centers on a prominent abdominal charge, a focal point that gives the figure its visual and spiritual emphasis. Figures of this type, often called buti or biteki, were activated through materials, specialist knowledge, and social use. Its compact scale, frontal stance, and concentrated bundle create an image of contained force.", "Geographic location": "Congo Basin / Pool Malebo region, Republic of the Congo or Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Source": "JSu Permanent Collection", "Identifier": "JA-2021-01", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Teke-style, attribution probable", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Teke peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Central Africa, Congo Basin / Pool Malebo region, Republic of the Congo or Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "place_of_use": "Central Africa, Congo Basin / Pool Malebo region, Republic of the Congo or Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "materials": "Carved wood with organic or accumulative ritual materials, possible clay, resin, pigment, and fiber", "technique": "Carved, charge bundle applied, assembled, patinated", "object_type": "Power figure / buti or biteki-type figure", "function_use": "Possibly protective, healing, divinatory, or personally significant object; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: attribution is based on visual comparison with Teke buti/biteki power figures; no object-specific provenance record located.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: potentially culturally or spiritually sensitive object; avoid identifying contents or owner without object-specific documentation or provenance.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll002" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Tabwa-Style Face Mask", "preferred_term": "Tabwa-style face mask", "Date": "late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This carved wooden face mask has a rounded, helmet-like form with geometric facial divisions, narrow eyes, a small mouth, and a smooth dark surface. The balanced abstraction and segmented planes relate it to Tabwa and neighboring Central African masking traditions. The mask’s quiet symmetry gives the face a composed, reserved presence.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2006-01", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Tabwa-style, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Tabwa peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, surface patina, possible pigment", "technique": "Carved, smoothed, patinated", "object_type": "Face mask / masquerade mask", "function_use": "Possibly masquerade, initiation, or social performance; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: existing title and visual form support Tabwa attribution, but object-specific documentation is limited.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: keep mask type and performance context qualified.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll003" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Buffalo-Form Slit Drum", "preferred_term": "buffalo-form slit drum", "Date": "late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This wooden slit drum is carved in the form of a buffalo, with a hollowed body, narrow sounding slit, four legs, horns, tail, and animal head. Animal-form slit drums translate sculpture into sound, joining visual representation with communication and performance. The buffalo form emphasizes strength, mass, and alert movement. This work is possibly attributable to the Tabwa.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2006-03", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Central African peoples, possibly Tabwa or Lobala-related, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Tabwa, Lobala, or related Congolese peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, surface patina", "technique": "Carved from wood, hollowed slit-drum construction, patinated", "object_type": "Slit drum / zoomorphic drum / buffalo-form drum", "function_use": "Possibly communication, prestige, ceremonial, or ritual sound instrument; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate for buffalo-form slit drum; low to moderate for Tabwa attribution because comparable drums occur in multiple Central African traditions.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: avoid presenting Tabwa attribution as confirmed without object-specific documentation or provenance.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll004" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Tabwa-Style Buffalo Mask", "preferred_term": "buffalo mask", "Date": "late 19th century", "Coverage (time period)": "late 19th century", "period_dynasty": "late 19th century", "Description": "This zoomorphic wooden mask represents a buffalo with long curving horns, a broad muzzle, and metal tack decoration across the surface. In Central African visual traditions, buffalo imagery often evokes force, endurance, and authority. The mask’s powerful profile and textured surface create a commanding public presence.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2006-02", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Tabwa-style, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Tabwa peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, metal tacks or studs, surface patina", "technique": "Carved, studded, patinated", "object_type": "Buffalo mask / zoomorphic mask", "function_use": "Possibly masquerade, authority, protective, or prestige object; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: title, form, and existing metadata support Tabwa-style attribution; specific context remains uncertain.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: keep symbolic interpretation broad without object-specific documentation.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll005" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Songye Kifwebe-Style Mask with Raffia and Feathers", "preferred_term": "Kifwebe-style mask", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 6", "Date": "late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This Songye-style kifwebe mask is carved with an elongated striated face, projecting mouth, plant-fiber beard, and feather elements. Kifwebe masks are associated with Songye and northern Luba masquerade traditions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The rhythmic grooves and projecting facial forms create a sense of disciplined movement and authority.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Songye region", "Source": "JSU Permanent Collection", "Identifier": "JA-2006-05", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Songye-style, attribution probable", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Songye peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Songye region, central/eastern Congo Basin, probable", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Songye region, central/eastern Congo Basin, probable", "materials": "Carved wood, pigment, plant fiber or raffia, feathers, possible fiber binding", "technique": "Carved, striated/incised, pigment-applied, fiber and feather attachment", "object_type": "Face mask / kifwebe-style mask", "function_use": "By comparison, associated with kifwebe masquerade performance; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate to high: image and existing metadata correspond closely to Songye kifwebe mask features; male identification is probable but not independently confirmed.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: keep performance and gender classification qualified without object-specific documentation or provenance.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll006" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Bembe Ibulu Iya-Style Janus Mask", "preferred_term": "Janus mask", "Date": "late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This double-faced, or Janus, mask presents two faces joined in a single rounded form, with large circular eye surrounds, red and white pigment, and plant-fiber attachments. The two-sided construction suggests watchfulness, transformation, and the capacity to address multiple directions at once. Its bold color contrasts heighten the mask’s dramatic presence.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Source": "JSU Permanent Collection", "Identifier": "JA-2006-06", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Bembe-style, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Bembe peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, plant fiber or raffia, pigment, surface patina", "technique": "Carved, pigment-applied, fiber attachment, double-faced construction", "object_type": "Janus mask / double-faced mask", "function_use": "Possibly initiation, healing, social transition, or masquerade context; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: existing Bembe title and Janus form support attribution, but documentation is incomplete.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: keep named type and ceremonial or spiritual function tentative without stronger source evidence.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll007" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Luba Lukasa Memory Board", "preferred_term": "lukasa memory board", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 8", "Date": "late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This Luba lukasa memory board is carved from wood with raised and incised mnemonic designs and a small seated figure. Lukasa boards were used by initiated members of the Mbudye association as tactile and visual prompts for histories, political knowledge, genealogy, and moral instruction. The object’s patterned surface turns memory into a sculptural field.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Luba region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2006-10", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Luba peoples, attribution high", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Luba peoples", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Luba region, southeastern/central Congo Basin", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Luba region, southeastern/central Congo Basin", "materials": "Carved wood, possible pigment or surface patina", "technique": "Carved, incised, raised mnemonic design, patinated", "object_type": "Memory board / lukasa", "function_use": "By comparison, mnemonic object associated with Mbudye historical knowledge and instruction; object-specific meaning not documented", "attribution_confidence": "High for Luba lukasa identification based on image and close museum records; specific encoded meaning and local history are undocumented.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: avoid interpreting the board’s encoded content without expert/provenance evidence.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll008" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[-5.5471,7.54] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Baule Female Spirit Spouse Figure (Blolo Bla Style)", "preferred_term": "female spirit spouse figure", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 9", "Date": "late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This Baule-style standing female figure is identified as a blolo bla, or female spirit-spouse figure. Its upright stance, idealized body, and composed expression suggest an image made for intimate reflection rather than public display. In Baule thought, such figures could embody an otherworldly partner and serve as a point of personal devotion.", "Geographic location": "Côte d’Ivoire, Baule region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2006-11", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Baule-style, attribution probable", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Baule peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Cote d’Ivoire, Baule region, probable", "place_of_use": "Cote d’Ivoire, Baule region, probable", "materials": "Carved wood, possible pigment or polished surface patina", "technique": "Carved, smoothed, patinated", "object_type": "Female figure / spirit spouse figure (blolo bla style)", "function_use": "By comparison, personal spirit-spouse figure; individual owner and use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate to high: existing metadata and image are consistent with Baule blolo bla figures; individual owner, shrine use, and exact local context are undocumented.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: avoid claiming a specific owner, shrine practice, or personal history without object-specific documentation or provenance.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll009" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Songye Kifwebe-Style Mask with Fiber Beard", "preferred_term": "Kifwebe-style mask", "Date": "late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This Songye-style kifwebe mask features a tall central crest, narrow eye slits, an elongated striated face, projecting mouth, and plant-fiber beard or costume remnants. The strong linear carving creates a dynamic surface that would have been intensified by movement. Its form belongs to the visual language of kifwebe masquerade in southeastern Central Africa.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Songye region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2006-15", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Songye-style, attribution probable", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Songye peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Songye region, probable", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Songye region, probable", "materials": "Carved wood, plant fiber or raffia, pigment, surface patina", "technique": "Carved, incised/striated, pigment-applied, fiber attachment", "object_type": "Face mask / Kifwebe-style mask", "function_use": "By comparison, associated with kifwebe masquerade performance and social/spiritual authority; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate to high: title and visual form support Songye Kifwebe identification; exact subgroup/context not confirmed.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: keep gender classification and performance details qualified without object-specific documentation or provenance.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll010" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[-9.6966,9.9456] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Banda or Kumbaruba-Style Headdress", "preferred_term": "Banda or Kumbaruba-style headdress", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 11", "Date": "late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This large horizontal banda, or kumbaruba-style, headdress combines human and animal features into a single dramatic form. Associated with the coastal Guinea region, such headdresses often unite facial imagery, elaborate coiffure, and animal references to create a powerful composite being. The long horizontal format gives the object an expansive, processional quality.", "Geographic location": "Guinea, coastal Guinea region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2005-01", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Baga/Nalu/Landuma coastal Guinea region, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Baga peoples, Nalu peoples, Landuma peoples, or related peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Guinea, coastal Guinea region, possible", "place_of_use": "Guinea, coastal Guinea region, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, pigment, plant fiber or raffia, possible surface patina", "technique": "Carved, openwork, pigment-applied, fiber attachment", "object_type": "Headdress / masquerade headdress / banda or kumbaruba type", "function_use": "By comparison, associated with masquerade performance; exact group and use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: image is consistent with banda/kumbaruba headdresses from coastal Guinea; exact Baga, Nalu, Landuma, or neighboring attribution is uncertain.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: use regional “Banda/Kumbaruba-style” language unless provenance confirms the specific people and performance context.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll011" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Songye Kifwebe-Style Mask", "preferred_term": "Kifwebe-style mask", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This Songye-style kifwebe mask has a high sagittal crest, angular eyes, projecting features, and deep linear incisions filled with white pigment. The crest and striated face create a forceful vertical emphasis. Kifwebe masks are associated with Songye and Luba-related masquerade traditions in southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Songye region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2006-16", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Songye-style, attribution probable", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Songye peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Songye region, probable", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Songye region, probable", "materials": "Carved wood, pigment, surface patina", "technique": "Carved, deeply incised/striated, pigment-applied", "object_type": "Face mask / Kifwebe-style mask", "function_use": "By comparison, associated with kifwebe masquerade performance and social/spiritual authority; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate to high: title and visual form support Songye Kifwebe identification; exact subgroup/context not confirmed.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: keep male and performance details qualified without object-specific documentation or provenance.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll012" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Tetela- or Central Congolese-Style Face Mask", "preferred_term": "Central Congolese face mask", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 14", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This carved wooden face mask has an elongated oval face, large pierced eye openings, linear facial markings, small projecting ears, and an open mouth with carved teeth. The strong vertical proportions and marked surface create an alert, expressive face. Its form relates to central Congolese masking traditions.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, central Congo region, Sankuru/Maniema area", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2011-01", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Tetela or related Central Congolese group, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Tetela peoples or related peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, central Congo region, possibly Sankuru/Maniema area", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, central Congo region, possibly Sankuru/Maniema area", "materials": "Carved wood, possible pigment or surface patina", "technique": "Carved, incised, pierced, patinated", "object_type": "Face mask / masquerade mask", "function_use": "Possibly masquerade, initiation, or social performance; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Low to moderate: visual features and older metadata support a central Congolese/Tetela-related attribution, but published mask comparanda are limited.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: keep Tetela attribution tentative without stronger documentary support.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll014" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Hemba- or Luba-Hemba-Style Male Ancestor Figure", "preferred_term": "male ancestor figure", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 15", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This standing male figure is carved with elongated proportions, a calm face, closed almond-shaped eyes, patterned beard or jawline band, hands resting at the abdomen, and pronounced genitalia. The posture and restrained expression relate to Hemba and Luba-Hemba ancestor figure traditions. Its composed stance suggests dignity, continuity, and lineage memory.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern/central Congo region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2011-02", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Hemba or Luba-Hemba-style, attribution probable", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Hemba peoples or Luba-Hemba peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern/central Congo region, probable", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern/central Congo region, probable", "materials": "Carved wood, possible pigment, oil, or polished surface patina", "technique": "Carved, smoothed, patinated", "object_type": "Male ancestor figure / standing figure", "function_use": "By comparison, possibly commemorative ancestor or lineage figure; exact identity and use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: public image and existing metadata align with Hemba/Luba-Hemba male ancestor figures, but exact attribution and lineage context are not confirmed.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: avoid identifying a specific ancestor or lineage without object-specific documentation or provenance.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll015" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Curved Horn or Implement with Anthropomorphic Head", "preferred_term": "curved horn or figural implement", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 16", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This composite object joins a curved horn with a carved anthropomorphic wooden head and collar-like attachment. The pairing of organic form and human imagery gives the object a concentrated ritual or prestige presence. Its small figural finial transforms the horn into a sculptural implement.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Congo region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2011-03", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Lega or related eastern Central African peoples, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Lega or related peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Congo region, possible", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Congo region, possible", "materials": "Animal horn, carved wood, possible pigment, fiber, or binding material", "technique": "Carved, fitted/assembled, possible binding", "object_type": "Curved horn or implement with anthropomorphic finial", "function_use": "Possibly prestige, ceremonial, spiritual, therapeutic, or association object; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Low to moderate: Lega or related eastern Congolese attribution is plausible, but object type and named category are uncertain.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: avoid identifying contents or ceremonial/spiritual role without object-specific evidence.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll016" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Bembe Emangungu/Eluba-Style Initiation Mask", "preferred_term": "emangungu-style initiation mask", "legacy_title": "Bembe Mask", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This narrow plank-form mask has broad heart-shaped eye fields, small pierced eye openings, a long central lizard carved over the nose, an open mouth, punctate surface details, and traces of dark and reddish-brown pigment. The elongated format gives the face a striking graphic presence. Its form relates to Bembe emangungu or eluba masks associated with initiation contexts.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Kivu Province", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2011-04 Bembe", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Bembe-style, attribution probable", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Bembe peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, probably South Kivu Province", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, probably South Kivu Province", "materials": "Carved wood, pigment, surface patina", "technique": "Carved, pierced, incised/punctate decoration, pigment-applied", "object_type": "Face mask / initiation mask", "function_use": "By comparison, associated with butende or eluba initiation contexts; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: legacy identifier and visual comparison support Bembe emangungu/eluba attribution; no direct collection-specific source located.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: possible initiation object; keep ceremonial/spiritual details limited to public-source comparisons.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll017" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Songye-Style Horned Nkishi Power Figure", "preferred_term": "horned nkishi-style power figure", "legacy_title": "Long Horn Bird Sculpture", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This standing anthropomorphic power figure is carved with an elongated torso, bent legs, projecting abdomen, small head, light surface pigment, and a dark horn rising from the crown. The horn draws the eye upward and signals the addition of charged materials. The figure’s concentrated body and assertive silhouette relate to Songye nkisi or nkishi traditions.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Songye region", "Source": "JSU Permanent Collection", "Identifier": "JA-2011-05", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Songye-style, attribution probable", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Songye peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Songye region, probable", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Songye region, probable", "materials": "Carved wood, animal horn, pigment or ritual surface accretions", "technique": "Carved, horn insertion, pigment/accretion, patinated", "object_type": "Power figure / nkishi or nkisi-style ritual figure", "function_use": "Possibly protective, healing, divinatory, or communal spiritually significant object; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate to high: image strongly matches Songye horned nkishi/nkisi power figures, but attribution is visual and contents are undocumented.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: potentially culturally or spiritually sensitive object; avoid identifying contents or ceremonial/spiritual role beyond visible evidence and documented comparanda.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll018" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Bird-Form Figure with Long Beak", "preferred_term": "bird-form figure", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This carved zoomorphic figure represents a bird with a long downward beak, compact body, reduced limbs, and an inlaid shell eye. The simplified form emphasizes the curve of the beak and the alert point of the eye. Bird imagery appears across several eastern and central Congolese traditions, where animal forms often carry layered social and symbolic meaning.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2011-07", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Eastern Congolese peoples, possibly Lega or Bembe-related, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Lega, Bembe, or related peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, shell or shell-like eye inlay, surface patina", "technique": "Carved, inlaid, patinated", "object_type": "Bird-form figure / zoomorphic sculpture", "function_use": "Possibly symbolic, ceremonial, prestige, or teaching object; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Low: object is clearly bird-form, but Lega/Bembe attribution is broad and lacks a close named public match.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: keep attribution broad and descriptive until stronger comparanda are available.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll019" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Kongo- or Yombe-Style Figural Relief Plaque", "preferred_term": "figural relief plaque", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This carved wooden plaque presents a human face in relief against a flat trapezoidal backing with suspension holes. The face has half-closed eyes, a prominent nose, and a pursed mouth, giving the plaque a quiet, watchful quality. Its format suggests a hanging relief ornament connected to Kongo or Yombe-related visual traditions.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo or Republic of the Congo", "Source": "JSU Permanent Collection", "Identifier": "JA-2011-06", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Kongo or Yombe-style, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Kongo peoples or Yombe peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo or Republic of the Congo, possible", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo or Republic of the Congo, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, surface patina", "technique": "Carved relief, pierced/suspension holes, patinated", "object_type": "Figural ornament / relief plaque", "function_use": "Possibly hanging ornament, architectural element, prestige object, or ritual plaque; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Low to moderate: Kongo/Yombe attribution is plausible from regional style, but remains visual-comparative.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: avoid assigning ceremonial/spiritual function without supporting evidence.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll020" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Kuba-Style Prestige Belt with Beads and Cowries", "preferred_term": "prestige belt", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 21", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This Kuba-style prestige belt is made from a fiber backing densely decorated with glass beads and rows of cowrie shells in red, black, and white geometric patterns. Cowries and beads were valued materials in Kuba courtly and prestige arts. The repeated motifs and rich surface announce status through both pattern and material abundance.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kasai region", "Source": "JSU Permanent Collection", "Identifier": "JA-2011-08", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Kuba-style or closely related Kasai-region group, attribution probable", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Kuba peoples or related Kasai-region peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kasai region, probable", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kasai region, probable", "materials": "Raffia or other plant fiber, glass beads, cowrie shells, leather, thread", "technique": "Woven or fiber-backed, beadwork, cowrie shell attachment, stitched", "object_type": "Prestige belt / beaded belt / body adornment", "function_use": "Prestige regalia or body adornment; exact status, gendered use, and local term not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate to high: materials and form closely match published Kuba prestige belts; exact local term, subgroup, and use are not confirmed.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: avoid identifying a royal owner or precise status use without object-specific documentation or provenance.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll021" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Luba- or Hemba-Style Figural Personal Ritual Object", "preferred_term": "figural ceremonial or spiritually significant object", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This small ceremonial object combines a simplified human figure finial, a spirally carved cylindrical shaft, and a tapered pointed terminal. Its compact scale suggests an object designed to be held, carried, inserted, or used as a personal implement. The combination of figure and patterned shaft gives the object a refined sculptural presence.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2011-10", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Luba or Hemba-style, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Luba peoples or Hemba peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, surface patina", "technique": "Carved, incised spiral shaft, patinated", "object_type": "Small personal ceremonial or spiritually significant object / figural implement", "function_use": "Possibly personal, ceremonial, prestige, or inserted implement; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Low to moderate: Luba/Hemba attribution is plausible but object type and function are not securely documented.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: avoid naming a specific ritual category without additional evidence.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll022" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Hemba-Style Kneeling Female Ancestor Figure", "preferred_term": "kneeling female figure", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This small kneeling female figure has a large rounded head, closed eyes, elongated neck, pronounced navel, compact body, and polished surface. The raised hands and composed face create a pose of attention or inward focus. Its proportions relate to Hemba and neighboring eastern Congolese figural traditions.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2011-11", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Hemba-style, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Hemba peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, surface patina", "technique": "Carved, smoothed, patinated", "object_type": "Kneeling female figure / possible ancestor figure", "function_use": "Possibly ancestor, lineage, fertility, or prestige figure; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: existing title and Hemba-style attribution are plausible, but object-specific support is limited.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: avoid identifying a specific ancestor or lineage context without object-specific documentation or provenance.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll023" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Bembe-Style Face Mask with Large White Eye Fields", "preferred_term": "Bembe-style face mask", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This small face mask has an elongated oval form, large circular white eye fields surrounding dark pierced pupils, a compact mouth opening, and subtle asymmetry. The mask faetures a carved lizard on the right hand side. The intense eye treatment gives the mask a striking, alert expression. Its scale and facial emphasis relate to Bembe masking traditions from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2011-12", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Bembe-style, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Bembe peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, pigment, surface patina", "technique": "Carved, pierced, pigment-applied", "object_type": "Face mask / masquerade mask", "function_use": "Possibly initiation, masquerade, or spirit-related performance; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: title and visual features support Bembe-style identification, but specific mask type is not confirmed.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: keep initiation or spirit-function language qualified without object-specific documentation.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll024" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Double-Headed Zoomorphic Figure", "preferred_term": "double-headed zoomorphic figure", "legacy_title": "Double headed animal sculpture", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This horizontal zoomorphic object has an elongated central body with simplified animal heads at both ends. Its compact, abstracted form reduces the animal body to a strong linear silhouette. The restrained carving emphasizes balance, repetition, and the sculptural rhythm of paired forms.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2011-14", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Tabwa or related southeastern Congolese group, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Tabwa peoples or related peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, surface patina", "technique": "Carved, smoothed, patinated", "object_type": "Zoomorphic sculpture / double-headed animal figure", "function_use": "Possibly symbolic, ceremonial, prestige, or decorative object; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Low to moderate: Tabwa or related southeastern Congolese attribution is plausible but uncertain.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: keep cultural and functional attribution broad without stronger evidence.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll025" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Songye Nkishi-Style Power Figure", "preferred_term": "nkishi-style power figure", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 26", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This Songye-style nkisi or nkishi power figure is carved with a faceted mask-like head, metal studs, fiber bindings around the torso, and bifurcated legs. Added materials and bindings focus attention on the figure as an assembled and activated object. Its angular face and compact stance create an image of condensed power.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Songye region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2011-13", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Songye-style, attribution probable", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Songye peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Songye region, central/eastern Congo Basin, probable", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Songye region, central/eastern Congo Basin, probable", "materials": "Carved wood, metal, plant fiber or cord, possible pigment and composite materials", "technique": "Carved, studded, bound, assembled, patinated", "object_type": "Power figure / nkisi or nkishi-style figure", "function_use": "Possibly protective, healing, divinatory, or communally significant object; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "High for Songye power figure type based on visual features and close museum parallels; exact subgroup, contents, and history of use are undocumented.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: potentially culturally or spiritually sensitive object; avoid identifying contents or history of use beyond visible evidence and documented comparanda.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll026" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Luba-Style Female Bust or Figural Finial", "preferred_term": "female bust or finial", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This small figural finial depicts a female bust with a rounded head, half-lidded eyes, facial markings, elongated neck, and a cylindrical torso carved with geometric motifs. The refined face and patterned body relate to Luba-style figural finials and prestige objects. Its compact form suggests that it may once have belonged to a larger object.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2011-15", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Luba-style, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Luba peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, surface patina", "technique": "Carved, incised, patinated", "object_type": "Female bust / figural finial or fragment", "function_use": "Possibly finial, figure fragment, staff element, or prestige object; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: existing Luba attribution and figural style are plausible but not object-specifically documented.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: avoid assigning original function without more evidence.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll027" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Luba-Style Figural Divination Rattle", "preferred_term": "figural divination rattle", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 28", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This Luba-style divination rattle is carved with a female figure finial above stacked pierced spherical chambers that likely held sound-producing materials. In Luba visual culture, female imagery is closely associated with memory, authority, and spirit mediation. The object joins sound, handling, and figural sculpture in a single ritual form.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Luba region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2011-16", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Luba-style, attribution probable", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Luba peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Luba region, probable", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Luba region, probable", "materials": "Carved wood, possible seeds, pellets, or internal rattle elements", "technique": "Carved, pierced or hollowed rattle chambers, patinated", "object_type": "Divination rattle / ritual sound instrument", "function_use": "Possibly divination, healing, or ritual consultation sound instrument; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: existing metadata and form align with Luba divination tools and figural rattles, but specific local name and ceremonial/spiritual context are not confirmed.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: avoid identifying contents or practitioner context beyond visible evidence and documented comparanda.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll028" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Luba-Style Sculptural Head or Figure Fragment", "preferred_term": "sculptural head", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This carved sculptural head has an elongated oval face, gently arched eyelids, defined nose and mouth, linear facial markings, pointed coiffure, and short cylindrical base. The refined modeling and composed expression relate to Luba figural sculpture. Its format suggests a fragment, finial, or independent sculptural head.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2011-17", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Luba-style, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Luba peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, surface patina", "technique": "Carved, incised, patinated", "object_type": "Sculptural head / figure fragment or finial", "function_use": "Possibly figure fragment, finial, or sculptural object; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: existing Luba attribution is plausible but not fully documented.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: avoid assigning original object type without additional views or provenance.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll029" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Lega-Style Bearded Mask with Raffia", "preferred_term": "bearded mask", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This carved face mask presents an elongated oval face with downcast almond-shaped eyes, a straight nose, small mouth, light pigment traces, substantial raffia beard, and suspension loop. The beard and pale surface details give the mask both texture and depth. Its restrained expression relates to Lega and Lega-related Central African mask traditions.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2011-19", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Lega-style or related Central African, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Lega peoples or related peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, pigment, raffia or plant fiber, surface patina", "technique": "Carved, pigment-applied, fiber attachment", "object_type": "Face mask / bearded mask", "function_use": "Possibly association, initiation, or masquerade object; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: existing Lega attribution and mask form are plausible; specific use remains uncertain.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: keep attribution and function qualified without stronger source evidence.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll030" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Luba-Style Anthropomorphic Headrest", "preferred_term": "anthropomorphic headrest", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This sculpted wooden headrest is formed by two kneeling figures facing one another and supporting a curved horizontal neck rest. The carefully modeled heads, elongated bodies, and balanced composition relate to Luba prestige supports. Such headrests protected elaborate hairstyles while also functioning as sculptural signs of status and refinement.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Luba region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2011-20", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Luba-style, attribution probable", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Luba peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Luba region, probable", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Luba region, probable", "materials": "Carved wood, surface patina", "technique": "Carved, openwork, smoothed, patinated", "object_type": "Headrest / anthropomorphic headrest", "function_use": "Possibly headrest, prestige support, or personal object; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: existing Luba attribution and headrest form are plausible; owner and use are undocumented.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: avoid inferring owner status or ceremonial/spiritual role without object-specific documentation or provenance.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll031" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Songye-Style Anthropomorphic Power Figure", "preferred_term": "anthropomorphic power figure", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This small freestanding power figure has a compact mask-like head with a short sagittal crest, arched brows, closed eyes, ringed neck, and columnar body carved with diamond and linear motifs. Its geometric surface and frontal stance relate to Songye power-figure traditions. The figure’s small scale concentrates its visual force.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Songye region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2011-21", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Songye-style, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Songye peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Songye region, possible", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Songye region, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, surface patina", "technique": "Carved, incised, patinated", "object_type": "Power figure / anthropomorphic ritual figure", "function_use": "Possibly protective, healing, or ritual power figure; exact use and contents not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: Songye attribution and power-figure form are plausible, but contents and exact function are not documented.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: potentially culturally or spiritually sensitive object; avoid identifying contents beyond visible evidence and documented comparanda.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll032" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Luba-Style Maternity Figure", "preferred_term": "maternity figure", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This small figural group shows a seated adult supporting or nursing a child. Rounded volumes, a textured coiffure or cap, compact limbs, and an integrated base emphasize closeness and care. The subject evokes continuity, nurture, and lineage within a Luba or related Central African sculptural idiom.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2011-22", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Luba-style, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Luba peoples or related Central African peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, surface patina", "technique": "Carved, patinated", "object_type": "Maternity figure / mother-and-child sculpture", "function_use": "Possibly lineage, fertility-related, ancestral, or protective imagery; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: existing Luba attribution and maternity form are plausible, but object-specific support is limited.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: avoid assigning ceremonial/spiritual function without object-specific documentation or provenance.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll033" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Pende Mbuya-Style Face Mask", "preferred_term": "Pende mbuya-style mask", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 34", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This Pende mbuya-style face mask has an oval form, narrow horizontal eye slits, an open mouth with carved teeth, red, white, and black pigment, and evidence of fiber attachments. Mbuya masks are associated with public masquerade and named characters. The mask’s color contrasts and tooth-baring mouth create a lively, theatrical presence.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kwilu/Kwango or Kasai region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2012-01", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Pende-style, attribution probable", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Pende peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kwilu/Kwango or Kasai region, probable", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kwilu/Kwango or Kasai region, probable", "materials": "Carved wood, pigment, plant fiber or raffia, possible cloth or fiber attachments", "technique": "Carved, pierced, pigment-applied, fiber attachment", "object_type": "Face mask / mbuya-style mask", "function_use": "By comparison, associated with public masquerade performance; exact character and use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "High for Pende mbuya mask type based on visual features and close comparison with museum examples; exact character type and local origin are undocumented.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: avoid assigning a specific character name without object-specific evidence.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll034" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Lega-Style Bearded Face Mask", "preferred_term": "bearded face mask", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This carved wooden face mask has a rounded cranial form, narrow horizontal eye slits, a slightly open mouth with carved teeth, incised forehead motifs, and remnants of fur and fiber attachments. The face combines restraint with force, while the attached materials add texture and movement. Its form relates to Lega or Lega-related masking traditions.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2012-02", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Lega-style or related Central African, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Lega peoples or related peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, pigment, fur, fiber, surface patina", "technique": "Carved, incised, pigment-applied, fiber/fur attachment", "object_type": "Face mask / bearded mask", "function_use": "Possibly association, initiation, or masquerade object; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: existing Lega attribution and visible mask form are plausible, but specific use remains uncertain.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: keep Lega attribution qualified unless further documentation confirms the type.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll035" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Luba-Style Face Mask", "preferred_term": "Luba-style face mask", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 36", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This Luba-style face mask has an elongated oval form, smooth convex facial planes, narrow horizontal eye slits, a small slightly open mouth, and a softly incised coiffure band. The calm expression and balanced surface create an idealized face. Its quiet refinement relates to Luba approaches to beauty, composure, and social authority.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Luba region", "Source": "JSU Permanent Collection", "Identifier": "JA-2012-04", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Luba-style, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Luba peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Luba region, possible", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Luba region, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, traces of pigment, possible surface patina", "technique": "Carved, incised, pigment-applied, patinated", "object_type": "Face mask / masquerade mask", "function_use": "Possibly masquerade or association object; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: visual features support a Luba-style mask attribution, but named type and performance context are not confirmed.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: avoid assigning a named mask type or spiritual context without object-specific documentation or provenance.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll036" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Ituri-Region Style Face Mask", "preferred_term": "Ituri-region face mask", "Date": "Early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "Early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This light-colored face mask is coated with kaolin and modeled with a soft oval face, arched brow ridge, small pierced eyes, narrow straight nose, and restrained mouth. The pale surface gives the mask a luminous, reserved presence. Its form relates to Ituri-region masks associated with Mbuti, Ndaka, and neighboring northeastern Congolese peoples.", "Geographic location": "Ituri Rainforest region, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2012-03", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Ituri-region peoples, possibly Mbuti or Ndaka, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Mbuti, Ndaka, or neighboring peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Ituri Rainforest region, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "place_of_use": "Ituri Rainforest region, northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, kaolin or white clay pigment, surface patina", "technique": "Carved, pierced, pigment-applied", "object_type": "Face mask / Ituri-region mask", "function_use": "Possibly masquerade or association object; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Low to moderate: Mbuti/Ndaka or Ituri-region attribution is plausible but uncertain from available evidence.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: keep people attribution qualified because Ituri-region mask attributions can overlap among neighboring groups.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll037" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Lega Lukwakongo-Style Mask with Fiber Beard", "preferred_term": "Lega lukwakongo mask", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 38", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This Lega lukwakongo-style mask has an oval, softly contoured face, narrow horizontal eye slits, subtle brow ridge, small mouth, weathered light-brown surface, and attached fiber beard. Lukwakongo masks are associated with Bwami initiation and instruction. The mask’s reduced features create a quiet but memorable image.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Congo region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2012-10", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Lega-style, likely Lega peoples", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Lega peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Congo region, probable", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Congo region, probable", "materials": "Carved wood, plant fiber or raffia/liana fiber, possible kaolin, pigment, or surface patina", "technique": "Carved, pierced, pigment-applied, fiber attachment", "object_type": "Mask / lukwakongo-style mask / Bwami association object", "function_use": "By comparison, associated with Bwami initiation and rank instruction; exact meaning not documented", "attribution_confidence": "High for Lega lukwakongo-type mask based on visual features and close museum parallels; specific Bwami grade, owner, and context are undocumented.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: possible initiation-society or association object; describe respectfully and avoid unsupported restricted meanings.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll038" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Lega Lukwakongo-Style Maskette", "preferred_term": "Lega maskette", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 39", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This small Lega maskette, likely of the lukwakongo type, has a softly modeled rounded-rectangular face, narrow horizontal eye slits, a short projecting nose, small mouth, dotted and linear facial markings, and traces of light pigment. Its compact scale suggests intimate handling within Bwami-associated contexts. The surface markings animate the otherwise restrained face.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Congo region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2012-08", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Lega-style, likely Lega peoples", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Lega peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Congo region, probable", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Congo region, probable", "materials": "Carved wood, pigment or kaolin traces, possible surface patina", "technique": "Carved, incised, pierced, pigment-applied, patinated", "object_type": "Maskette / lukwakongo-style mask / Bwami association object", "function_use": "By comparison, associated with Bwami initiation and rank instruction; exact meaning not documented", "attribution_confidence": "High for Lega lukwakongo-type maskette based on visual features and museum parallels; specific grade, owner, and teaching meaning are undocumented.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: possible initiation-society or association object; avoid unsupported restricted meanings.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll039" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Lwalwa Mfondo-Style Face Mask", "preferred_term": "Mfondo-style face mask", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 40", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This Lwalwa, or Lwalu, Mfondo-style face mask has an elongated oval form, narrow horizontal eye slits, a small projecting nose, sharply divided red, black, and natural wood-toned pigment, and a V-shaped forehead motif. The angular planes and bold color fields create a highly graphic face. Its form relates closely to Lwalwa/Lwalu masking traditions.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kasai region or southern DRC/Angola border region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2012-12", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Lwalwa or Lwalu-style, attribution probable", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Lwalwa/Lwalu peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kasai region or southern DRC/Angola border region, probable", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo or Angola border region, probable", "materials": "Carved wood, pigment, possible surface patina", "technique": "Carved, incised, pigment-applied, patinated", "object_type": "Face mask / Mfondo-type mask", "function_use": "By comparison, associated with masquerade and initiation/hunting-spirit contexts; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate to high: visual form closely matches Lwalwa/Lwalu mask records, including Mfondo examples; exact local name and performance context are not confirmed.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: keep performance context qualified without object-specific provenance.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll040" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Lega Bwami-Style Standing Figure", "preferred_term": "Lega Bwami-style figure", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 41", "Date": "19th–20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "19th–20th century", "period_dynasty": "19th–20th century", "Description": "This small Lega-style standing figure has an elongated head, pierced eyes, facial perforations, a ridged cylindrical torso, simplified limbs, and a worn surface. Its compact scale and abstracted body relate to Lega objects used within Bwami association contexts. The perforated features and reduced form give the figure a quiet, concentrated presence.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Congo region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2012-15", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Lega-style, attribution probable", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Lega peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Congo region, probable", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Congo region, probable", "materials": "Carved wood, possible pigment or surface patina", "technique": "Carved, drilled/perforated, incised, patinated", "object_type": "Standing figure / Bwami association object", "function_use": "By comparison, associated with Bwami initiation, rank, and moral instruction; exact meaning not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate to high: visual features fit Lega Bwami figure traditions; exact figural category such as iginga or katanda is not confirmed.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: possible initiation-society or association object; avoid unsupported restricted meanings.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll041" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Lega Bwami-Style Figure with Raised Arms", "preferred_term": "Lega Bwami-style figure", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 42", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This small Lega-style standing figure raises both arms beside an elongated oval head and schematic body. Numerous drilled perforations across the face and torso animate the surface and draw attention to the figure's frontal pose. The raised arms and compact body relate to Lega Bwami-associated figural traditions, including katanda-related forms.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Congo region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2012-16", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Lega-style, attribution probable", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Lega peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Congo region, probable", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Congo region, probable", "materials": "Carved wood, possible pigment or surface patina", "technique": "Carved, drilled/perforated, patinated", "object_type": "Standing figure / Bwami association object", "function_use": "By comparison, associated with Bwami initiation, rank, and moral instruction; exact meaning not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate to high: visual features match Lega Bwami figure traditions; raised arms suggest katanda-related forms but exact category is not confirmed.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: possible initiation-society or association object; avoid unsupported details of restricted meaning.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll042" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Hemba-Style Standing Ancestor Figure (Singiti Type)", "preferred_term": "standing ancestor figure", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 43", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This small Hemba-style standing figure has bent legs, a forward-leaning posture, elongated head, downcast almond-shaped eyes, narrow nose, and traces of red and light pigment. Hemba ancestor figures, often called singiti, are associated with lineage commemoration and ancestral presence. The figure's modest scale and contemplative expression give it a reserved dignity.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Hemba region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2012-17", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Hemba-style, attribution probable", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Hemba peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Hemba region, probable", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Hemba region, probable", "materials": "Carved wood, pigment, possible surface patina", "technique": "Carved, pigment-applied, patinated", "object_type": "Ancestor figure / standing figure", "function_use": "By comparison, possibly commemorative ancestor or lineage figure; exact identity and use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate to high: visual features correspond to Hemba ancestor-figure traditions; named singiti function and specific lineage context are not confirmed.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: avoid identifying a specific ancestor or lineage without object-specific documentation or provenance.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll043" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Luba-Style Lidded Ceremonial Container", "preferred_term": "lidded ceremonial container", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 44", "Date": "19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This Luba-style lidded wooden container has a rounded vessel body decorated with chevron and linear motifs and a sculptural lid formed by paired stylized human figures. The combination of container and figural handle links utility with prestige. In Luba and related central Congolese traditions, elaborately carved containers could signal authority, ceremony, and refined craftsmanship.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Luba region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2012-18", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Luba-style, attribution probable", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Luba peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Luba region, probable", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Luba region, probable", "materials": "Carved wood, possible pigment or surface patina", "technique": "Carved, incised, lidded construction, patinated", "object_type": "Lidded container / ceremonial or ritual vessel", "function_use": "Possibly prestige, chiefly, ritual, or storage container; exact use and contents not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: form supports a Luba-style lidded-container attribution, but no specific local name, contents, or function has been confirmed.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: avoid identifying contents or spiritual context without object-specific documentation or provenance.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll044" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Lega Bwami-Style Anthropomorphic Figure", "preferred_term": "Lega Bwami-style figure", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 45", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This small Lega-style anthropomorphic figure has a heart-shaped face, narrow almond eyes, simplified proportions, and an elongated lower body or handle-like form. The worn dark patina suggests handling over time. Its restrained carving and compact scale relate to Lega Bwami figures and association objects used for teaching, rank, and moral instruction.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Congo region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2012-21", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Lega-style, attribution probable", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Lega peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Congo region, probable", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Congo region, probable", "materials": "Carved wood, dark surface patina, possible pigment or oil", "technique": "Carved, smoothed, patinated", "object_type": "Anthropomorphic figure / Bwami association object", "function_use": "By comparison, associated with Bwami initiation, rank, and moral instruction; exact meaning not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate to high: visual features match Lega Bwami figure traditions, but exact category and grade are not confirmed.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: possible initiation-society or association object; avoid unsupported details of restricted meaning.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll045" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Songye-Style Beaded Face Mask", "preferred_term": "beaded face mask", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 46", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This Songye-style carved wooden mask has an elongated oval face, narrow horizontal eye slits, pronounced nose, pursed mouth, cylindrical rim, and red and white glass beads outlining the eyes and cheeks. The beaded details add brilliance to the otherwise forceful wooden form. Its facial structure relates to Songye masking traditions while presenting a distinctive decorated surface.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Songye region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2012-24", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Songye-style, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Songye peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Songye region, possible", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Songye region, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, pigment, glass beads, possible surface patina", "technique": "Carved, pigment-applied, bead inlay or attachment, patinated", "object_type": "Face mask / possible Kifwebe-related mask", "function_use": "Possibly masquerade performance; exact named type and use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: existing metadata supports Songye attribution, but beaded decoration and limited documentation make a specific subtype uncertain.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: keep Kifwebe-related language qualified unless a source confirms the type.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll046" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[-3.9962,17.5707] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Bamana-Style Composite Power Figure or Adorned Figure", "preferred_term": "composite power figure", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 47", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This composite figure combines a stylized human head with a globular body densely adorned with glass beads, cowrie shells, leather, fiber, and other applied materials. The accumulated surface creates a sense of abundance, protection, and ritual intensity. Its materials relate broadly to West African power-object, adornment, and ceremonial traditions.", "Geographic location": "Mali or neighboring West Africa", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2012-22", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Bamana-style or West African, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Bamana peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Mali or neighboring West Africa, possible", "place_of_use": "Mali or neighboring West Africa, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, glass beads, cowrie shells, leather, plant fiber, possible cloth and accumulative materials", "technique": "Carved, beaded, shell-applied, wrapped, assembled", "object_type": "Composite power figure / adorned ceremonial or spiritually significant object", "function_use": "Possibly protective, prestige, ceremonial, or divination object; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: materials and form support a Bamana or West African power-object comparison, but the specific object type is uncertain.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: potentially culturally or spiritually sensitive object; avoid identifying contents or ceremonial/spiritual use beyond visible evidence and documented comparanda.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll047" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Lega Lukwakongo-Style Maskette", "preferred_term": "Lega maskette", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 48", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This small Lega lukwakongo-type maskette has an elongated oval face, softly modeled surface, narrow almond-shaped eyes, short straight nose, small horizontal mouth, heavy wear, and traces of light pigment or kaolin. Its compact format suggests an object meant for close viewing and handling. The restrained features relate to Lega Bwami association maskettes.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Congo region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2012-06", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Lega-style, likely Lega peoples", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Lega peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Congo region, probable", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Congo region, probable", "materials": "Carved wood, pigment or kaolin traces, surface patina", "technique": "Carved, pierced, pigment-applied, patinated", "object_type": "Maskette / lukwakongo-style mask / Bwami association object", "function_use": "By comparison, associated with Bwami initiation and rank instruction; exact meaning not documented", "attribution_confidence": "High for Lega lukwakongo-type maskette based on visual features and close museum parallels; exact owner, grade, and teaching meaning are undocumented.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: possible initiation-society or association object; avoid unsupported restricted meanings.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll048" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[25,3] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Boa-Style Face Mask with Ring Ears", "preferred_term": "Boa-style face mask", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 49", "Date": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This carved wooden face mask has an elongated oval face, large circular ring-shaped ears, narrow eyes, an open mouth with teeth, and subdued brown, ochre, and dark surface tones. The prominent ring ears relate to Boa pongdudu-type masks from the Uele region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The mask's angular features create a forceful and memorable expression.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uele River region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2012-05", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Boa-style, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Boa peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uele River region, possible", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uele River region, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, pigment, possible kaolin or surface patina", "technique": "Carved, pierced, pigment-applied, patinated", "object_type": "Face mask / pongdudu-style mask", "function_use": "Possibly masquerade, protective, or social-regulatory performance; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Low to moderate: ring-shaped ears support a Boa/Uele-region comparison, but object-specific documentation is limited.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: avoid using “Bwa” for this DRC object unless separate evidence supports that attribution.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll049" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Lega Lukwakongo-Style Mask", "preferred_term": "Lega lukwakongo mask", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 50", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This Lega lukwakongo-type mask has an elongated oval face, narrow horizontal eye slits, long straight nose, small open mouth, brown and ivory-toned surface, and evidence of former fiber attachments. Lukwakongo masks are associated with Bwami society instruction and rank. The softened modeling and pale highlights give the face a contemplative presence.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Congo region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2012-07", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Lega-style, likely Lega peoples", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Lega peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Congo region, likely South Kivu or Maniema area", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Congo region, likely South Kivu or Maniema area", "materials": "Carved wood, pigment or kaolin, plant fiber or raffia/liana fiber, surface patina", "technique": "Carved, pierced, pigment-applied, possible fiber attachment", "object_type": "Mask / lukwakongo-style mask / Bwami association object", "function_use": "By comparison, associated with Bwami initiation and rank instruction; exact object meaning not documented", "attribution_confidence": "High for Lega lukwakongo-type mask based on existing metadata and close museum parallels; exact owner, grade, and teaching meaning are undocumented.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: possible initiation-society or association object; describe respectfully and avoid unsupported details of restricted meaning.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll050" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Ngbandi-Style Face Mask", "preferred_term": "Ngbandi-style face mask", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 51", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This Ngbandi-style wooden mask has an elongated oval form, square eye openings, a pronounced vertical nasal ridge with notched relief, rectangular open mouth with carved teeth, striated cap-like coiffure, and weathered pigment. The severe geometry of the face gives the mask a powerful visual clarity. Its form relates to Ubangi-region masking traditions.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ubangi River region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2012-09", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Ngbandi-style, attribution probable but cautious", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Ngbandi peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ubangi River region, possible", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ubangi River region, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, pigment, possible surface patina", "technique": "Carved, incised, pigment-applied, patinated", "object_type": "Face mask / masquerade mask", "function_use": "Possibly social-regulatory, initiation, or masquerade context; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: visual features align with Ngbandi/northern DRC masks, but Ngbandi masks are rare and documentation is limited.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: keep attribution qualified and avoid detailed function without source support.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll051" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[18.5,-8.5] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Chokwe Pwo or Mwana Pwo-Style Face Mask", "preferred_term": "pwo mask", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 52", "Date": "20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This Chokwe face mask of the pwo or mwana pwo type has an elongated oval face, heavy-lidded horizontal eyes, incised diagonal and vertical facial markings, prominent straight nose, and open mouth with carved teeth. Pwo and mwana pwo masks are associated with idealized womanhood, beauty, and female ancestral presence. The mask's refined facial surface and scarification motifs emphasize elegance and social identity.", "Geographic location": "Angola or Democratic Republic of the Congo, Chokwe region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2012-11", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Chokwe-style, probable attribution", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Chokwe peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Angola or Democratic Republic of the Congo, Chokwe region, probable", "place_of_use": "Angola or Democratic Republic of the Congo, Chokwe region, probable", "materials": "Carved wood, pigment, possible plant fiber, metal, or surface patina if attachments were formerly present", "technique": "Carved, incised, pigment-applied, patinated", "object_type": "Face mask / pwo or mwana pwo mask", "function_use": "By comparison, associated with masquerade representations of idealized womanhood or female ancestors; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate to high: visual features match Chokwe pwo/mwana pwo masks in museum collections; exact variant and performance context are undocumented.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: avoid identifying the represented woman or performance history without object-specific documentation or provenance.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll052" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Ngbaka or Ubangi-Region Face Mask", "preferred_term": "Ubangi-region face mask", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 53", "Date": "Early–mid 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "Early–mid 20th century", "period_dynasty": "Early–mid 20th century", "Description": "This elongated wooden mask has narrow slit eyes, a pronounced straight nose, cross-hatched surface decoration, pigment, and attached fiber elements. Its scarification-like patterns and austere face relate to Ngbaka, Mbanza/Banja, and neighboring Ubangi-region masking traditions. The long facial plane creates a formal, solemn presence.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ubangi River region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2012-13", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Ngbaka or related Ubangi-region group, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Ngbaka, Mbanza/Banja, or related peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ubangi River region, possible", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ubangi River region, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, pigment, plant fiber or raffia, possible surface patina", "technique": "Carved, incised, pigment-applied, fiber attachment", "object_type": "Face mask / masquerade or initiation mask", "function_use": "Possibly initiation or masquerade context; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Low to moderate: visual features support an Ngbaka/Mbanza or related Ubangi-region attribution, but exact group is uncertain.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: use cautious attribution because neighboring Ubangi-region styles overlap and museum records note uncertainty.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll053" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Ngbaka Dagara/Gaza-Style Initiation Mask", "preferred_term": "Ngbaka initiation mask", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 54", "Date": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This elongated Ngbaka-style wooden mask has an oval helmet-like form, almond-shaped pierced eyes, projecting straight nose, wide open mouth, heavy patina, and austere carving. The mask's formal severity gives it a commanding presence. Comparable Ngbaka masks from the Ubangi region are associated with initiation and related performance contexts.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ubangi River region", "Source": "JSU Permanent Collection", "Identifier": "JA-2012-19", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Ngbaka-style, attribution probable", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Ngbaka peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ubangi River region, probable", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ubangi River region, probable", "materials": "Carved wood, possible pigment or surface patina", "technique": "Carved, pierced, patinated", "object_type": "Face mask / initiation mask / dagara or gaza-type mask", "function_use": "By comparison, associated with initiation contexts; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate to high: description and museum parallels support an Ngbaka dagara/gaza initiation-mask attribution; exact local name and performance history are undocumented.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: possible initiation object; keep ceremonial/spiritual details limited to public-source comparisons.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll054" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Lega Bwami Figure (Iginga-Style)", "preferred_term": "Lega iginga-style figure", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 55", "Date": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This Lega standing figure has elongated proportions, bent arms framing the torso, an asymmetrical face, one eye highlighted with white kaolin, and a compact pedestal base. Lega Bwami figures, often called iginga, are associated with initiation, rank, and moral instruction. The contrasting eye treatment gives the figure a striking sense of focus.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Congo region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2012-14", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Lega-style, attribution probable", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Lega peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Congo region, probable", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Congo region, probable", "materials": "Carved wood, white kaolin pigment, possible surface patina", "technique": "Carved, pigment-applied, patinated", "object_type": "Standing figure / Bwami association object / iginga-style figure", "function_use": "By comparison, associated with Bwami initiation, rank, and moral instruction; exact meaning not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate to high: existing metadata and museum parallels support a Lega Bwami figure, likely iginga-style; exact category and meaning are not documented.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: possible initiation-society or association object; avoid unsupported details of restricted meaning.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll055" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Lega-Style Ceremonial Spoon or Bwami Paddle", "preferred_term": "ceremonial spoon or paddle", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 56", "Date": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This Lega-style ceremonial spoon or paddle has an elongated blade and a handle surmounted by a small anthropomorphic figure with white kaolin highlights. The attenuated body, dark patina, and worn surface suggest repeated handling. Lega and neighboring Bwami association objects could serve as teaching, prestige, and ceremonial implements.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Congo region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2012-20", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Lega-style, attribution probable", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Lega peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Congo region, probable", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Congo region, probable", "materials": "Carved wood, white kaolin pigment, dark surface patina", "technique": "Carved, pigment-applied, patinated", "object_type": "Ceremonial spoon / Bwami association prestige utensil or paddle", "function_use": "Possibly Bwami teaching, rank, or prestige object; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate to high: existing metadata and museum parallels support a Lega Bwami ceremonial spoon or paddle attribution; exact local name and grade are not confirmed.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: possible initiation-society or association object; avoid unsupported details of restricted meaning.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll056" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Songye Nkishi-Style Power Figure", "preferred_term": "nkishi-style power figure", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 57", "Date": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This Songye-style nkisi or nkishi power figure has a faceted mask-like head, metal studs, fiber bindings around the torso, and bifurcated legs. The angular face, applied materials, and binding create a dense visual language of activation and protection. Comparable Songye power figures were understood as effective through added substances, specialist intervention, and social use.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Songye region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2014-04", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Songye-style, attribution probable", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Songye peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Songye region, central/eastern Congo Basin, probable", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Songye region, central/eastern Congo Basin, probable", "materials": "Carved wood, plant fiber, cord, possible pigment and composite materials", "technique": "Carved, bound, assembled, patinated", "object_type": "Power figure / nkishi or nkisi-style figure", "function_use": "Possibly protective, healing, divinatory, or communally significant object; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "High for Songye power figure type based on visual features and close museum parallels; exact contents, subgroup, owner, and history of use are undocumented.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: potentially culturally or spiritually sensitive object; avoid identifying contents or ceremonial/spiritual use beyond visible evidence and documented comparanda.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll057" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Hemba- or Luba-Hemba-Style Standing Ancestor Figure", "preferred_term": "standing ancestor figure", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 58", "Date": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This Hemba or Luba-Hemba style ancestor figure has an elongated neck and torso, heart-shaped face, restrained features, chevron scarification on the abdomen, and bead ornaments at the neck and waist. The upright stance and composed expression relate to ancestor-figure traditions in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. The figure presents lineage memory through idealized, dignified form.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern/central Congo region", "Source": "JSU Permanent Collection", "Identifier": "JA-2014-08", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Hemba or Luba-Hemba-style, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Hemba peoples or Luba-Hemba peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern/central Congo region, possible", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern/central Congo region, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, glass beads, possible pigment or surface patina", "technique": "Carved, incised, bead attachment, patinated", "object_type": "Ancestor figure / standing figure", "function_use": "Possibly commemorative ancestor, lineage, or prestige figure; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: visual features support a Hemba/Luba-Hemba ancestor-figure attribution, but subgroup and lineage context are not confirmed.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: avoid identifying a specific ancestor, lineage, or spiritual context without object-specific documentation or provenance.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll058" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Songye- or Luba-Songye-Style Carved Figural Panel", "preferred_term": "carved figural panel", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 59", "Date": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This vertical carved wooden panel is made of joined sections and organized around a large stylized face in the upper register with paired figures below. Incised geometric and dotted motifs cover the surface, while metal staples or repairs suggest a long object history. The layered composition relates to Songye or Luba-Songye regional carving traditions.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, central/eastern Congo Basin", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2014-01", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Songye or related Luba-Songye regional tradition, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Songye peoples, Luba peoples, or related peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, central/eastern Congo Basin, possible", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, central/eastern Congo Basin, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, metal repair staples, possible pigment or surface patina", "technique": "Carved relief, incised, joined sections, metal repairs", "object_type": "Carved panel / figural panel / possible architectural or spiritually significant object", "function_use": "Possibly architectural, prestige, shrine, or ritual panel; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Low to moderate: regional attribution is plausible, but no close named type or public institutional match has been confirmed.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: avoid assigning specific function or society without supporting documentation.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll059" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Songye-Style Ritual Power Staff", "preferred_term": "ritual power staff", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 60", "Date": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This Songye-style composite ritual staff or staff-like power object combines a carved mask-like head, pierced eyes, metal-studded ornament, feathers, a long shaft, and a seated bound figure. The attached fiber, textile, and metal details create an assembled surface of authority and activation. The object relates to Songye power-object traditions in Central Africa.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Songye region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2014-02", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Songye-style, attribution probable", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Songye peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Songye region, central/eastern Congo Basin, probable", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Songye region, central/eastern Congo Basin, probable", "materials": "Carved wood, metal studs, plant fiber or cord, feathers, textile, possible pigment and composite materials", "technique": "Carved, studded, bound, assembled, patinated", "object_type": "Ritual staff / staff-like power object / Songye power object", "function_use": "Possibly protective, healing, divinatory, or prestige power object; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate to high for Songye power-object tradition based on materials and form; exact named staff type and ritual contents are not confirmed.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: potentially culturally or spiritually sensitive object; avoid identifying contents or ceremonial/spiritual role beyond visible evidence and documented comparanda.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll060" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[-3.9962,17.5707] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Dogon-Style Standing Female Ancestor Figure", "preferred_term": "standing female ancestor figure", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 61", "Date": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This Dogon-style standing female figure has an elongated columnar body, exposed breasts, long arms held close to the torso, scarified facial features, open mouth, diamond motifs on the lower body, and a mineral-encrusted surface. The figure's verticality and patterned surface relate to Dogon female figure traditions. Its reserved stance conveys endurance and ancestral presence.", "Geographic location": "Mali, Dogon region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2014-03", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Dogon-style, attribution probable", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Dogon peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Mali, Dogon region, probable", "place_of_use": "Mali, Dogon region, probable", "materials": "Carved wood with mineral-encrusted patina, possible pigment or ritual accretions", "technique": "Carved, incised, encrusted/patinated surface", "object_type": "Female figure / ancestor figure", "function_use": "Possibly ancestral, shrine, fertility-related, or protective figure; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate to high: visual features correspond to Dogon female figure traditions; specific identity, village style, maker, and ceremonial/spiritual context are undocumented.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: avoid claiming shrine use or sacrificial history without object-specific documentation or provenance.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll061" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Hemba- or Luba-Style Standing Female Figure", "preferred_term": "standing female figure", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 62", "Date": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This Hemba or Luba-related female figure has an elongated columnar body, prominent breasts, refined oval face with half-closed eyes, linear scarification, smooth dark patina, and a fiber collar at the neck. The tall form and composed face suggest eastern or central Congolese figural traditions. Its simplified body and polished surface emphasize stillness and dignity.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern/central Congo region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2014-05", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Hemba or Luba-related peoples, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Hemba peoples or Luba peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern/central Congo region, possible", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern/central Congo region, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, plant fiber, possible pigment or dark surface patina", "technique": "Carved, incised, fiber attachment, patinated", "object_type": "Female figure / standing figure", "function_use": "Possibly ancestor, prestige, fertility, or personal figure; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: visual features support a Hemba/Luba-related Central Congolese attribution, but function, subgroup, and identity are not confirmed.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: avoid assigning specific lineage, ancestor, or ceremonial/spiritual use without object-specific documentation or provenance.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll062" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Teke-Style Standing Figure with Openwork Torso", "preferred_term": "standing figure", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 63", "Date": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This Teke-style standing figure has elongated proportions, pierced eyes, a cylindrical neck with beaded collar, metal ring earrings, and openwork lozenge-shaped cutouts through the torso. The ornaments frame the figure as both body and object of display. Its openwork center gives the compact sculpture an unusual architectural quality.", "Geographic location": "Republic of the Congo or Democratic Republic of the Congo, Teke region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2014-07", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Teke-style, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Teke peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Republic of the Congo or Democratic Republic of the Congo, Teke region, possible", "place_of_use": "Republic of the Congo or Democratic Republic of the Congo, Teke region, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, metal, glass beads, possible fiber/string and surface patina", "technique": "Carved, pierced/openwork, bead and metal attachment, patinated", "object_type": "Standing figure / possible power or ancestor figure", "function_use": "Possibly personal, ancestor, protective, or power figure; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: ornamented figural features support a Teke comparison, but the openwork torso is atypical and function is uncertain.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: avoid identifying as a power figure unless an abdominal charge or other evidence is documented.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll063" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Kuba or Bushoong-Style Ceremonial Panel or Shield", "preferred_term": "ceremonial panel", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 64", "Date": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This rectangular Kuba or Bushoong-style ceremonial panel or shield-like object is decorated with painted diamond patterns, an inset circular mask face, relief animal motifs, pegged frame construction, and metal fittings or repairs. The combination of geometry, mask imagery, and animal forms relates to Kuba prestige arts. Its structured surface creates a strong ceremonial presence.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kasai region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2014-06", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Kuba-style, probably Bushoong-related, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Kuba peoples, possibly Bushoong subgroup", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kasai region, Kuba kingdom area, possible", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kasai region, Kuba kingdom area, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, pigment, metal fittings or repairs, surface patina", "technique": "Carved relief, painted, pegged or framed construction, metal repair/attachment", "object_type": "Ceremonial panel / shield-like object / possible emblematic or architectural panel", "function_use": "Possibly courtly, prestige, ceremonial, or architectural object; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: geometric and mask imagery support Kuba/Bushoong attribution, but exact object type and function are not confirmed.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: avoid classifying as shield, door, or shrine object without more evidence.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll064" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Lega Bwami Female Figure (Iginga-Style)", "preferred_term": "Lega iginga-style figure", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 65", "Date": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This Lega standing female figure has elongated proportions, simplified facial features, small projecting breasts, a long neck, beaded waist element, and a worn handled surface. Lega female figures known as iginga are associated with Bwami initiation and rank. The figure's restrained carving focuses attention on posture, surface, and symbolic presence.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Congo region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2014-09", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Lega-style, probable attribution", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Lega peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Congo region, probable", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Congo region, probable", "materials": "Carved wood, glass beads, possible pigment, oil, or surface patina", "technique": "Carved, bead attachment, patinated", "object_type": "Female figure / Bwami association object / iginga-style figure", "function_use": "By comparison, associated with Bwami initiation, rank, and moral instruction; exact meaning not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate to high: existing metadata and museum parallels support a Lega Bwami figure, likely iginga-style; exact category and meaning are not documented.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: possible initiation-society or association object; avoid unsupported details of restricted meaning.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll065" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Kuba or Bushoong-Style Carved Prestige Panel", "preferred_term": "carved prestige panel", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 66", "Date": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This Kuba or Bushoong-style relief panel is densely carved with incised and raised geometric motifs and three stylized mask faces with projecting eyes and crested coiffures. Kuba courtly and prestige arts are known for rhythmic geometry and complex surface design. The panel's repeated faces and patterns create a vivid ornamental field.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kasai region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2014-10", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Kuba-style, probably Bushoong-related, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Kuba peoples, possibly Bushoong subgroup", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kasai region, Kuba kingdom area, possible", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kasai region, Kuba kingdom area, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, possible pigment or surface patina", "technique": "Carved relief, incised geometric design, patinated", "object_type": "Carved prestige panel / relief panel / possible architectural or ceremonial panel", "function_use": "Possibly prestige, architectural, courtly, or ceremonial panel; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: geometric and mask imagery support Kuba/Bushoong comparison, but exact function and original placement are not confirmed.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: avoid specifying architectural or ceremonial/spiritual role without object-specific documentation or provenance.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll066" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Tabwa Musangwe-Style Helmet Mask", "preferred_term": "Musangwe-style helmet mask", "Date": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This helmet-style mask has a rounded dome, facial features carved in relief across a horizontal band, cowrie-shell eyes, incised linear scarification, and lateral attachment perforations. The compact form and cowrie details relate to Tabwa Musangwe-type masks from southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its low, rounded profile gives the mask a contained, sculptural force.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tabwa region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2014-11", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Tabwa-style, attribution probable", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Tabwa peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tabwa region, probable", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tabwa region, probable", "materials": "Carved wood, cowrie shells, pigment or surface patina", "technique": "Carved, incised, attached cowries, patinated", "object_type": "Helmet mask / Musangwe-type mask", "function_use": "Possibly masquerade, initiation, or social performance; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: existing title and helmet-mask form support Tabwa Musangwe-type attribution.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: keep performance context tentative without object-specific documentation.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll067" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Horned Zoomorphic Mask", "preferred_term": "horned zoomorphic mask", "Date": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This horned zoomorphic mask is carved as a stylized bovine or antelope-like head with an elongated facial plane, upright curved horns, almond-shaped eyes, exposed teeth, and traces of hide and pigment. The animal form emphasizes alertness, strength, and motion. Its dramatic horns and open mouth create an energetic masquerade presence.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2015-01", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Central African peoples, possibly Lega-related, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Lega or related peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, uncertain", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, uncertain", "materials": "Carved wood, pigment, hide or skin, surface patina", "technique": "Carved, pigment-applied, hide attachment", "object_type": "Horned zoomorphic mask / animal-form mask", "function_use": "Possibly masquerade or association object; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Low to moderate: horned animal form is clear, but the Lega attribution and specific use remain uncertain.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: avoid treating the Lega attribution as confirmed without stronger evidence.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll068" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Chokwe Pwo or Mwana Pwo-Style Face Mask", "preferred_term": "pwo mask", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 69", "Date": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This Chokwe pwo or mwana pwo face mask has a rounded forehead, half-closed almond-shaped eyes, elongated nose, pursed mouth, incised facial scarification, and attached fiber or costume remnants. A cruciform cingelyengelye-like motif marks the forehead. The mask aligns with Chokwe female mask traditions centered on idealized beauty and ancestral femininity.", "Geographic location": "Angola or Democratic Republic of the Congo, Chokwe region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2015-02", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Chokwe-style, probable attribution", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Chokwe peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Angola or Democratic Republic of the Congo, Chokwe region, probable", "place_of_use": "Angola or Democratic Republic of the Congo, Chokwe region, probable", "materials": "Carved wood, plant fiber or raffia, pigment, possible metal, cloth, or surface patina", "technique": "Carved, incised, pigment-applied, fiber attachment", "object_type": "Face mask / pwo or mwana pwo mask", "function_use": "By comparison, associated with masquerade representations of idealized womanhood or female ancestors; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "High for Chokwe pwo/mwana pwo type based on visual features and close museum parallels; exact local variant and performance history are undocumented.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: avoid identifying a represented individual or claim specific performance history without object-specific documentation or provenance.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll069" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Yaka- or Suku-Style Conical Initiation Helmet Mask", "preferred_term": "conical initiation helmet mask", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 70", "Date": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This conical Yaka or Suku-related helmet mask has a sharply tapering crown, narrow horizontal eye slit, inset cowrie shells, incised side accents, dark patina, and a perforated lower rim for costume attachment. The vertical cone creates a dramatic silhouette. Its form relates to southwestern Congolese initiation masks.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2015-04", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Yaka or Suku-style, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Yaka peoples or Suku peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern region, possible", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern region, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, cowrie shells, possible pigment, plant fiber or raffia, attachment cord", "technique": "Carved, pierced, inlaid or attached cowries, patinated", "object_type": "Helmet mask / initiation mask / cap-form mask", "function_use": "Possibly associated with initiation performance; exact named type and role not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: conical mask form supports a Yaka/Suku initiation-mask comparison, but exact named type and performance role are not confirmed.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: possible initiation object; keep ceremonial/spiritual details limited to public-source comparisons.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll070" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[11.6094,-0.8037] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Boa-Style Plank Face Mask", "preferred_term": "plank face mask", "Date": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This elongated plank-form face mask has a flat reverse, narrow perforated eyes, a pronounced vertical median ridge forming the nose, a rectangular openwork mouth with carved teeth, and abraded white kaolin over dark patina. The stark geometry relates to Boa or related northern Congolese mask traditions. Its pale surface and strong ridge create a striking graphic face.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uele region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2015-03", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Boa-style, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Boa peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uele region, possible", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uele region, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, kaolin or white clay pigment, surface patina", "technique": "Carved, pierced, pigment-applied, patinated", "object_type": "Face mask / masquerade mask", "function_use": "Possibly masquerade performance; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: existing Boa attribution and mask form support identification; object-specific documentation remains limited.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: use “Boa-style” unless provenance confirms the attribution and use.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll071" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[22,-6] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Kwese- or Kete-Style Helmet Mask", "preferred_term": "helmet mask", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 72", "Date": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This Kwese or Kete-style circular helmet or face mask has softly modeled rounded features, narrow horizontal eye slits with ochre accents, a small pursed mouth, smooth dark patina, and a thick padded fiber border. The circular form gives the mask a compact, self-contained presence. Its features relate to Kasai-region masking traditions.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kasai region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2015-06", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Kwese or Kete-style, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Kwese peoples, Kete peoples, or related Kasai-region peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kasai region, possible", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kasai region, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, pigment, fiber padding or raffia, possible textile and surface patina", "technique": "Carved, pigment-applied, fiber attachment, patinated", "object_type": "Helmet mask / face mask", "function_use": "Possibly masquerade performance; exact local name and use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: existing metadata and visual comparison support a Kwese/Kete Kasai-region attribution, but exact local name and use are not confirmed.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: keep subgroup attribution qualified without stronger provenance.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll072" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Hemba-Style Standing Ancestor Figure", "preferred_term": "standing ancestor figure", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 74", "Date": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This Hemba-style standing figure has an elongated columnar body, simplified cylindrical legs divided by a vertical slit, a small schematic head, almond-shaped eyes, restrained facial features, heavy wear, and dark patina. Hemba singiti ancestor figures are associated with lineage commemoration. The figure's simplicity gives it a quiet, enduring presence.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern/central Congo region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2015-07", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Hemba-style, attribution probable", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Hemba peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern/central Congo region, probable", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern/central Congo region, probable", "materials": "Carved wood, dark surface patina, possible oil or pigment", "technique": "Carved, smoothed, patinated", "object_type": "Ancestor figure / standing figure", "function_use": "By comparison, possibly commemorative ancestor or lineage figure; exact identity and use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: form supports a Hemba-style ancestor-figure attribution, but specific identity and context are not confirmed.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: avoid identifying a named ancestor, lineage, or shrine context without object-specific documentation or provenance.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll074" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Boa Pongdudu-Style Face Mask", "preferred_term": "Boa pongdudu mask", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 75", "Date": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This Boa face mask has projecting circular ring-shaped ears, angular facial planes, perforated round eyes, an open mouth with exposed teeth, compact form, and dark patina. Boa pongdudu-type masks are known for large ring ears and forceful features. This example uses bold geometry to create an expressive, frontal face.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uele region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2015-08", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Boa-style, attribution probable", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Boa peoples, probable", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uele region, probable", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uele region, probable", "materials": "Carved wood, possible pigment, fiber, hair, or surface patina", "technique": "Carved, pierced, pigment-applied or patinated", "object_type": "Face mask / pongdudu-type mask", "function_use": "Possibly masquerade, protective, or social-regulatory performance; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate to high for Boa pongdudu-type mask based on distinctive ring ears, round eyes, and toothed mouth; exact function remains uncertain.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: keep specific performance or social role cautious without object-specific documentation or provenance.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll075" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Boa-Style Standing Female Figure with Ring Ears", "preferred_term": "standing female figure", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 76", "Date": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This Boa-style standing female figure has compact proportions, large circular ring-shaped ears, an oval head with almond-shaped eyes, straight arms held close to the torso, short bent legs, incised genital detail, and worn surface patina. The ring ears connect the figure visually to Boa sculptural forms from the Uele region. Its compact stance emphasizes bodily presence and frontality.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uele region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2015-09", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Boa-style, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Boa peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uele region, possible", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uele region, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, possible pigment, kaolin, oil, or surface patina", "technique": "Carved, incised, patinated", "object_type": "Standing female figure / figural sculpture", "function_use": "Possibly ancestor, prestige, protective, or personal figure; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Low to moderate: ring-shaped ears support a Boa-style comparison, but public comparanda for Boa female figures are limited.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: use “Boa-style” unless stronger provenance confirms the attribution.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll076" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[-7.5,6.5] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Dan- or We-Style Face Mask with Raffia Beard", "preferred_term": "face mask with raffia beard", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 77", "Date": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This Dan or We-related face mask has an oval facial plane, half-closed almond-shaped eyes, small pursed mouth, dense incised scarification across the forehead and cheeks, attached raffia beard, feathered crest, and dark burnished patina. The mask's polished face contrasts with the fiber and feather attachments. Its form relates to West African forest-region masking traditions.", "Geographic location": "Liberia or Côte d’Ivoire", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2015-10", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Dan or We-related peoples, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Dan peoples, We peoples, or related peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Liberia or Cote d’Ivoire, possible", "place_of_use": "Liberia or Cote d’Ivoire, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, raffia or plant fiber, feathers, possible pigment or encrusted patina", "technique": "Carved, incised, attached fiber and feathers, patinated", "object_type": "Face mask / masquerade mask", "function_use": "Possibly masquerade performance; exact named mask type and use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: existing metadata and public comparisons support a Dan/We regional attribution, but exact subgroup and named mask type are not confirmed.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: avoid assigning a named masquerade character without object-specific evidence.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll077" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Suku Hemba-Type Helmet Mask", "preferred_term": "Suku hemba mask", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 79", "Date": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This Suku helmet mask of the hemba type has a rounded cranial form, heavy-lidded eyes, projecting nose, broad open mouth with teeth, mineral-encrusted or worn surface, and evidence of handling. Hemba-type masks are associated with Suku initiation contexts. The expressive mouth and rounded head give the mask a powerful public character.", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern region", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2016-02", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Suku peoples, attribution probable", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Suku peoples", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern region, probable", "place_of_use": "Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern region, probable", "materials": "Carved wood, possible pigment, mineral accretions, plant fiber, reed, or metal attachments", "technique": "Carved, pigment-applied or encrusted, patinated", "object_type": "Helmet mask / hemba-type initiation mask", "function_use": "By comparison, associated with initiation and elder/ancestral imagery; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate to high: visual features match Suku hemba helmet-mask records; exact performer and initiation context are undocumented.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: possible initiation object; keep ritual detail limited to public-source comparisons.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll079" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[8.6753,9.082] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Yoruba Ceremonial Staff with Figural Finial", "preferred_term": "ceremonial staff", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 80", "Date": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Description": "This Yoruba vertical ceremonial staff is carved from wood and surmounted by a squatting figure holding or supporting a vessel. Stacked geometric and mask-like motifs structure the shaft below. Yoruba carved staffs can be associated with shrine, ceremonial, or prestige contexts, where sculptural form marks spiritual and social significance.", "Geographic location": "Nigeria, Yorubaland", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2016-03", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Yoruba peoples, attribution probable", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Yoruba peoples", "place_of_creation": "Nigeria, Yorubaland, probable", "place_of_use": "Nigeria, Yorubaland, probable", "materials": "Carved wood, possible pigment or surface patina", "technique": "Carved, incised, patinated", "object_type": "Ceremonial staff / ritual staff", "function_use": "Possibly shrine, ceremonial, prestige, or ceremonial staff; exact association not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Moderate: existing metadata supports Yoruba attribution and staff form, but the specific orisha or local staff type is not confirmed.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: avoid assigning to a specific deity or society without object-specific evidence.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll080" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.656,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Yaka- or Suku-Style Janus Power Figure", "preferred_term": "Janus figure", "legacy_title": "Untitled object 112", "Date": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "Coverage (time period)": "Late 19th–early 20th century", "period_dynasty": "20th century", "Description": "This small seated Janus-style figure has two opposed heads sharing a compact body, bent knees, hands placed along the torso, and simplified facial features. Double-headed figures are known in Yaka and Suku-related western Congolese contexts, where paired faces can suggest power, spirit presence, or multiple directions of sight. The figure's compact form emphasizes duality.", "Geographic location": "Southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2018-17", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Yaka or Suku-style, attribution uncertain", "people_ethnolinguistic_group": "Yaka peoples or Suku peoples, possible", "place_of_creation": "Southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "place_of_use": "Southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo, possible", "materials": "Carved wood, pigment or surface patina", "technique": "Carved, patinated", "object_type": "Janus figure / possible power figure", "function_use": "Possibly protective, spirit, divination, or power-object context; exact use not documented", "attribution_confidence": "Low to moderate: Janus form supports Yaka/Suku comparison; no close object-specific public match is confirmed.", "cultural_sensitivity_note": "Interpretive caution: keep function and named power associations tentative without object-specific documentation or provenance.", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll112" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.6560,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Seated figure support", "preferred_term": "Seated figure", "Description": "This carved Luba object presents a seated figure above a circular support. The elongated head, composed posture, and compact arrangement emphasize balance and concentrated presence while fuller research into the object’s original function and context continues.", "Subject": "teaching collection; object-based learning; collection study; cataloging", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2023-01", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Notes": "Initial public-facing scaffold record created for JA-2023-01. Object-specific title, materials, and historical context should be refined after direct object study and catalog review.", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Luba", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "materials": "Carved wood", "technique": "Carving", "object_type": "Figure", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll189" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.6560,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Standing female figure", "preferred_term": "Standing figure", "Description": "This carved Rega figure is defined by an elongated torso, rounded lower forms, and a pale facial surface that draws attention to the head. Its strong vertical emphasis and abbreviated anatomy suggest a figural work made for display, teaching, or ceremonial use, with fuller research still underway.", "Subject": "teaching collection; object-based learning; collection study; cataloging", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2023-02", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Notes": "Initial public-facing scaffold record created for JA-2023-02. Object-specific title, materials, and historical context should be refined after direct object study and catalog review.", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Rega", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "materials": "Carved wood; pigment", "technique": "Carving; surface application", "object_type": "Figure", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll190" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.6560,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Oval mask", "preferred_term": "Mask", "Description": "This Rega mask has an elongated oval face, narrow eyes, and a restrained expression. Its simplified geometry and balanced proportions suggest an object intended for performance, while more precise cataloging of its role, history, and community use continues.", "Subject": "teaching collection; object-based learning; collection study; cataloging", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2023-03", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Notes": "Initial public-facing scaffold record created for JA-2023-03. Object-specific title, materials, and historical context should be refined after direct object study and catalog review.", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Rega", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "materials": "Carved wood", "technique": "Carving", "object_type": "Mask", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll191" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.6560,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Elongated mask", "preferred_term": "Mask", "Description": "This mask from the Democratic Republic of the Congo features a long tapering face, circular eye openings, and an extended lower section. Its emphatic vertical structure suggests ceremonial or performative use, pending fuller catalog research.", "Subject": "teaching collection; object-based learning; collection study; cataloging", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2023-04", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Notes": "Initial public-facing scaffold record created for JA-2023-04. Specific culture or community, object title, and fuller contextual notes should be refined after additional catalog review.", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "materials": "Carved wood; pigment", "technique": "Carving; surface application", "object_type": "Mask", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll192" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.6560,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Cylindrical mask", "preferred_term": "Mask", "Description": "This mask from the Democratic Republic of the Congo has a pale surface, cylindrical volume, and spare facial features that produce a striking frontal presence. Fuller research will clarify its community context, materials, and original use.", "Subject": "teaching collection; object-based learning; collection study; cataloging", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2023-05", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Notes": "Initial public-facing scaffold record created for JA-2023-05. Specific culture or community, object title, and fuller contextual notes should be refined after additional catalog review.", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "materials": "Carved wood; pigment", "technique": "Carving; surface application", "object_type": "Mask", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll193" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.6560,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Standing figure", "preferred_term": "Standing figure", "Description": "This standing figure from the Democratic Republic of the Congo is marked by a compact body, simplified limbs, and a sharply faceted head. Its abbreviated carving focuses attention on silhouette and presence while further cataloging continues.", "Subject": "teaching collection; object-based learning; collection study; cataloging", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2023-06", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Notes": "Initial public-facing scaffold record created for JA-2023-06. Specific culture or community, object title, and fuller contextual notes should be refined after additional catalog review.", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "materials": "Carved wood", "technique": "Carving", "object_type": "Figure", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll194" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.6560,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Standing figure holding vessel", "preferred_term": "Standing figure", "Description": "This carved Songye figure holds a rounded form at the center of the body and is distinguished by a vertically structured head and compact stance. The relationship between figure and held element suggests an object made for ritual, commemorative, or instructional significance, with fuller documentation still in progress.", "Subject": "teaching collection; object-based learning; collection study; cataloging", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2023-07", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Notes": "Initial public-facing scaffold record created for JA-2023-07. Object-specific title, materials, and historical context should be refined after direct object study and catalog review.", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Songye", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "materials": "Carved wood", "technique": "Carving", "object_type": "Figure", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll195" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.6560,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Lamellophone with female figure", "preferred_term": "Lamellophone", "Description": "This Luba musical instrument combines a plank-like body and metal tongues with a female figure carved at the top. The integration of figural and sonic elements points to the close relationship between performance, memory, and visual form within the object’s original context.", "Subject": "teaching collection; object-based learning; collection study; cataloging", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2023-08", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Notes": "Initial public-facing scaffold record created for JA-2023-08. Object-specific title, materials, and historical context should be refined after direct object study and catalog review.", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Luba", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "materials": "Wood; metal", "technique": "Carving; assembly", "object_type": "Musical instrument", "function_use": "Musical performance", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll196" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.6560,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Anthropomorphic spoon", "preferred_term": "Anthropomorphic spoon", "Description": "This Azande object takes the form of a spoon with an elongated handle that resolves into a human-like head and upper body. The contrast between utilitarian form and figural carving gives the object a strong sculptural identity while fuller research into its original use continues.", "Subject": "teaching collection; object-based learning; collection study; cataloging", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2023-09", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Notes": "Initial public-facing scaffold record created for JA-2023-09. Object-specific title, materials, and historical context should be refined after direct object study and catalog review.", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Azande", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "materials": "Carved wood; shell", "technique": "Carving; inlay", "object_type": "Spoon", "function_use": "Serving or display", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll197" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.6560,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Anthropomorphic spoon", "preferred_term": "Anthropomorphic spoon", "Description": "This Tabwa object combines a spoon-like bowl with an elongated handle and a carved head at the top. Its refined proportions and figural detail suggest that practical and symbolic functions may have overlapped, pending fuller catalog research and direct object review.", "Subject": "teaching collection; object-based learning; collection study; cataloging", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2023-10", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Notes": "Initial public-facing scaffold record created for JA-2023-10. Object-specific title, materials, and historical context should be refined after direct object study and catalog review.", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Tabwa", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "materials": "Carved wood", "technique": "Carving", "object_type": "Spoon", "function_use": "Serving or display", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll198" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.6560,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Figural headrest", "preferred_term": "Headrest", "Description": "This Luba object appears to function as a headrest, with a broad upper support rising above a standing carved figure. The work joins practical structure and sculptural form, highlighting carved wood as both a functional and expressive medium.", "Subject": "teaching collection; object-based learning; collection study; cataloging", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2023-11", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Notes": "Initial public-facing scaffold record created for JA-2023-11. Object-specific title, materials, and historical context should be refined after direct object study and catalog review.", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Luba", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "materials": "Carved wood", "technique": "Carving", "object_type": "Headrest", "function_use": "Head support", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll199" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.6560,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Staff with head finial", "preferred_term": "Staff finial", "Description": "This Hemba object features a long cylindrical shaft surmounted by a carved head with an elevated crown-like element. Its vertical structure and concentrated figural carving suggest use as a staff or related emblematic object, pending fuller catalog confirmation.", "Subject": "teaching collection; object-based learning; collection study; cataloging", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2023-12", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Notes": "Initial public-facing scaffold record created for JA-2023-12. Object-specific title, materials, and historical context should be refined after direct object study and catalog review.", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Hemba", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "materials": "Carved wood", "technique": "Carving", "object_type": "Staff", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll200" } }, { "type":"Feature", "geometry":{ "type":"Point", "coordinates":[23.6560,-2.8797] }, "properties":{ "Title": "Standing male figure", "preferred_term": "Standing figure", "Description": "This carved Bembe figure stands with bent arms and a compact body beneath a broad, geometric head. The strong silhouette and crisp facial framing give the work a commanding presence while fuller catalog research and contextual documentation continue.", "Subject": "teaching collection; object-based learning; collection study; cataloging", "Geographic location": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Source": "JSU permanent collection", "Identifier": "JA-2023-13", "Resource type": "Physical Object", "Publisher": "Jackson State University. (electronic version); JSUMS ART. (electronic version)", "Notes": "Initial public-facing scaffold record created for JA-2023-13. Object-specific title, materials, and historical context should be refined after direct object study and catalog review.", "Collection": "Jackson State University African Art Collection.", "culture_community": "Bembe", "place_of_creation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "materials": "Carved wood", "technique": "Carving", "object_type": "Figure", "Rights": "IN COPYRIGHT; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/", "Disclaimer": "All rights reserved. Reproduction or redistribution requires written permission from Jackson State University.", "reference_url": "https://jsumsart.github.io/africanart/item.html?id=coll201" } } ] }